Road and process of making the same.



T. IVI. HART.

ROAD AND PROCESS 0F MAKING THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. I4. I9Io.

Patented Oct. 26, 1915.

onirica,

TFLGMAS M. HART, GF NEWT YORK, N. Y., ASSGNOR TG PEREZ M.- STEWART, TRUSTEE,

l? NEW YOUR-K., N. Y.

EGA@ ANB PRCESS 0F IVAKING' THE SAME.

hpplication nled January Ii, 191e.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that l, Trioiuas M. HART, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of the Bronx, city of New York, in thecounty of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful linprovements in Roads and Prod esses of Making the Same, of which the following is a specication, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

rlhis invention relates to roads and methods of constructing the same; and an object of this invention is to provide a road which will contain a minimum of void spaces and which will withstand the severe shocks to which roads are now subjected by motor-vehicular traiiic.

lt has been conclusively demonstrated that the action of the moving wheels of inotor vehicles on roads of present-day coni struction is to tear up and reduce to a loose dust the covering of the road which is designed to prevent the entrance of rain and snow and other disintegrating elements; and this loose dust is further displaced by the air-currents created by the rapidly-moving motor-vehicles themselves. The entrance of the disintegrating elements having occurred, the larger stones which form the lower strata of the road become loosened and theroad rapidly deteriorates.

ln the drawings illustrating the principle of my invention and the best inode now known to me of applyingv that principle, Figure l kis a section of a road built according to my new method and designed for heavy traffic; F ig. 2 is a section of aI road built according to my new method and designed forflight traffic; and Figs. 3, land 5 are sections'of modified forms of road construction designed for light traffic and built according to my new method.

ln carrying out my invention, the natural base a of earth or clay is thoroughly rolled. lf the road is to be subjected to the heaviest trafiic of today, a layer o of concrete is laidl in which the largest pieces` of stone will be about one inch in diameter. rThis layer of concrete will be tamped or rammed and will be about five inches in depth or thickness. @ver the top o f this layer b of solid con-'f crete will be laid a layer c of cement mortar Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented tiet'. ,26, il wird.,

sanar no. traina of a thickness of about one-half inch. 'lhe top stratum or layer al is made up of a series of courses or thicknesses of broken stone bound together with bituminous or asphaltic material, to which alum may be added. r)The size of the pieces of broken stone will vary, the size used in the lowermost course being about one inch in diameter. From the lowermost course to the uppermost, the site of the stone will gradually decrease, until at the top stone dust or the finest product of the crusher will be used.

ln building the top layer d' the brokenstone forming each coursej is spread and over this course is poured in lten asphalt, and over the molten asphalt may be thrown powdered alum, which asphalt produces a water-repellent and protective member of the composite layers of the road-forming body combination and being substantially free from silicious ingredients, provides a top coat which is less slippery in wet or frosty weather than when it contains foreign silicious ingredients which tend to break or destroy its inherent continuity and retard its natural resiliency and expansive and oontractive properties under varying conditions of temperature and atmospheric pressure. rlhe aluminium sulfate containing ingredient of the asphalt, such as alum, whenl present, has the tendency to cause or pro= duce a thorough amalgamation of the asphalt by abstracting water of emulsification and fixing the same as aluminous water of crystallization, and at the same time producing a resistant inish to the surface of the asphalt whereby friction is produced by the natural adherence to iron and steel, such as horse shoes, tires, etc., when brought inA contact therewith, which is not attained in' cases where asphalt contains sand, stone, or other crystallized silicious substance which has a natural attracting and retaining affinity for water, on and to the surface and in contact with such mixture, and a corresponding anchorage for ice and frost when contacting with or resting upon its surface. rl`he water-repellent action of the free and unsilicious asphalt prevents the union or retaining of water thereon or anchorage of ice thereto. The course is then most thoroughly rolled or ironed, until fixed in place and the interstices between the stones are completely filled. In no event is a greater percentage of void spaces than ten per cent. 10% allowable throughout this upper layer d. The latter is built up, course by course, the same care being exercised to see that every course or thickness is thoroughly ironed or pressed and that no 'vo1d spaces are left; but that, on the contrary thereof, the interstices between the pieces of stone are iilled by the bituminous matrix, so that disintegrating elements cannot enter or find lodgment whereby to break down the `solidity of the layer (Z, the depth or thickness of which will be about three inches.

In Figs 2 to 5, both inclusive, are shown sections of roads built according to my new method and designed and adapted for light traiiic. In Fig. 2 is shown a section of a road in which a layer e of burned clay broken into bits is used. This layer c is placed after the naturalbase of earth or clay a has been thoroughly rolled and prepared to receive it. Over the stratum of burnedclay is laid the top stratum al of asphaltic mixture as hereinbefore described. The method of building up this layer a7, course by course, is the same as that pursued in making the road shown in section in Fig. 1. rIhe road shown in section in Fig. 3 diHers from that shown in Fig. 2 in only the substitution of a'layer f of river silt for the layer e of broken bits of burned clay, while in the road illustrated in Fig. 4 a layer of gravel g is used instead of the burned clayor river silt. In 'the road shown in Fig. 5 the layer d of asphaltic mixture is laid directly upon the natural base or bottom a.

The term non-silicious7 employed in the present specification and claims is intended to imply and does imply an asphalt of commercial or other character per se, in contradistinction to and from a concrete mixture of asphalt with sand or other silicious ingredient to a degree which would affect the resilient or water-repelling properties of the asphalt as such.

4The substance capable of dehydrating, withdrawing, abstracting, or xing the wa'- ter of emulsion in or from the asphalt and converting it into an asphalt non-repellent, such as solid water or crystallization in case of alum and similarly acting sulfates or substances, provides a means for producing and produces a thorough amalgamation or union of the asphalt resulting in a solid and substantially compact, voidless, and tenacious lasphaltic material. The alum or similar chemical dehydrating substance removes the water of emulsion by combining or uniting with the same and converting it into solid water of crystallization, thereby chemically dehydrating the material by contact, thus avoiding the difiiculty experienced in dehydrating asphalt by the action of heat, as employed hitherto, and producing a product of greater tenacity, resilience, and utility.

The term alum employed in the specification and claims is intended to imply and does imply alum as such of anhydrous character or of sub-hydrous or hydrous crystalline nature, hsucl the dehydration of asphalt by hygroscopic alum when associated with hydrous asphalt.

I claim:

l. A road or pathway comprising a composite composition bonded together by a bituminous material associated with a substance capable of converting contained water into solid water of combination.

2. A road or pathway comprising a composite composition bonded together by a bituminous material associated with a substance capable of converting water of emulsification into solid water of crystallization.

3. A road or pathway comprising a composite composition bonded together by a bituminous material associated with a metal sulfate capable of converting water of emulsiication into solid water of crystallization.

4. A road or pathway comprising a composite composition bonded together by a bituminous material containing aluminium sulfate capable of converting water of emulsification into solid water of crystallization.

5. A road or pathway comprising a composite composition bonded together byl a bituminous material containing alum capable o f converting water of emulsiication into solid water of crystallization.

6. The process of making a road or pathway which comprises associating the road or path body ingredients with asphalt containing a substance capable of converting water of emulsification into solid water of crystallization.

7. The process of making a road or pathway which comprises associating the road or path body ingredients with asphalt containing'a metal sulfate capable of converting water of emulsiication into solid water of crystallization.

8. The process of making a road or pathway which comprises associating the road or path body ingredients with asphalt containing aluminumsulfate capable of conyverting water of emulsication into solid water of crystallization.

9. The process of making a road or pathway which comprises associating the road or path body ingredients with asphalt containing alum capable of converting water of emulsification into solid water of crystallization.

1 as would be formed by 1,158,418 lll "it 10. The process of making a road or pathhand at New York city, N. Y., this .eighth Way which comprises associating the road dayof January, A. D. 1910, in the presence or path body ingredients Wlth asphalt conof the'two undersioned Witnesses.

taining a substance capable of converting IiilHOMAS M. HART. 5 contained Water into solid water of combi- Witnesses: v

nation. JOHN POPP,

In testimony whereof hereunto set my SAML BELL THOMAS. 

